Is electronic signature legal in Mongolia? Which laws mainly regulate electronic signatures?

Electronic signatures are legal in Mongolia and are mainly regulated by the Law on Electronic Signatures of 2021.

What types of electronic signatures are recognized in Mongolia? What are the requirements for each?

Mongolia recognizes two types of electronic signatures: electronic signatures and digital signatures.

1. Electronic Signature

An “electronic signature” means data attached to or logically associated with other electronic data and used by the signatory to sign or seal the electronic data.

The Law on Electronic Signatures stipulates that there are no restrictions on the number and form of electronic signatures that can be used by individuals or legal entities.

2. Digital Signature

Digital signatures shall meet the following requirements:

• Generated through the encryption and conversion of information using the private key of the digital signature;

• Capable of being identified and verified using the public key of the certificate holder of the digital signature;

• Capable of attaching a digital signature to the information, or modifying the information after merging, and capable of confirming the integrity of the information.

  eSignGlobal’s signatures provided through integration with local trusted service providers can meet Mongolia’s requirements for digital signatures.

In Mongolia, in which scenarios can electronic signatures be used?

Electronic signatures can be used in, but not limited to, the following scenarios:

• Commercial Contracts: General sales and purchase agreements, service agreements, non-disclosure agreements (NDAs), supply contracts, and general business-to-business (B2B) agreements

• Company and Human Resources Documents: Employment contracts, internal memos, policy acknowledgments, and most company resolutions (unless specific laws require a notary)

• Financial Documents: Invoices, receipts, general loan applications, and payment confirmations

• Administrative and Government Filings: Mongolia is strongly promoting e-government, using digital signatures for tax filings, government tender submissions, and electronic permit applications

In Mongolia, in which scenarios are traditional signatures required?

The following scenarios typically require traditional signatures:

• Real Estate Transactions: Ownership transfers, mortgages, leases, or assignments of land and buildings

• Wills and Testamentary Dispositions: Wills, codicils, and other inheritance-related documents

• Documents Requiring Notarization: Any legal document that must be signed and sealed before a licensed notary public by law (such as formal powers of attorney, specific guarantee agreements, or certain high-value collateral)

• Specific Financial Instruments: Certain negotiable instruments (such as bills of exchange or promissory notes)

• Family Relationship Documents: Documents related to marriage, divorce, or adoption